完全用 GNU/Linux 工作
08. 電源管理 - PowerTOP
PowerTOP 是個分析、監控電力消秏的節能工具程式，它是由 Intel 於 2007 年以 GPLv2 授權釋出的開放原始碼專案。我們可以使用它找出 GNU/Linux 上秏電的套件，並透過停用不必要的功能以達到省電的效果，是筆記型電腦 (Laptop) 必裝的實用工具。
▲ PowerTOP 的起始畫面。
開始前請先安裝 powertop。
# Debian, Ubuntu
$ sudo aptitude install powertop
# CentOS, RHEL, Fedora
$ sudo yum install powertop
# Arch Linux
$ sudo pacman -S powertop
請使用 Tab, Shift + Tab 或方向鍵 ←, → 切換至 Tunables 分頁 1，並使用 ↑, ↓ 上下移動，於欲調校的項目按下 Enter 進行調校，當所有狀態顯示為 Good 後即可按下 q 離開。
▲ 調校前的 Tunables。
▲ 調校後的 Tunables。
PowerTOP 本身並無儲存功能，但我們可以藉由 powertop '--html' 產生的報告來調校系統，甚至於開機時載入這些設定。
$ sudo powertop --html
Loaded 58 prior measurements
Cannot load from file /var/cache/powertop/saved_parameters.powertop
Preparing to take measurements
Measuring 1 time(s) for 20 seconds each
PowerTOP outputing using base filename powertop-20130915-231821.html
▲ 此報告將依個人環境而有所不同，其各項目的詳細說明可參考 Power saving - ArchWiki 一文。
接著將調校的指令貼到一個 shell script 打包起來。
$ sudo vi /usr/local/bin/powersave
#!/bin/bash
# PowerTop conifg for ThinkPad T410 on Debian Wheezy.
# Wireless Power Saving for interface wlan0
iw dev wlan0 set power_save off
# Enable SATA link power management for /dev/sda
echo 'min_power' > '/sys/class/scsi_host/host0/link_power_management_policy';
# NMI watchdog should be turned off
echo '0' > '/proc/sys/kernel/nmi_watchdog';
# VM writeback timeout
echo '1500' > '/proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs';
# Enable Audio codec power management
echo '1' > '/sys/module/snd_hda_intel/parameters/power_save';
# Autosuspend for USB device Biometric Coprocessor [UPEK]
echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/usb/devices/1-1.3/power/control';
# Runtime PM for PCI Device Ricoh Co Ltd MMC/SD Host Controller
echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:0d:00.0/power/control';
# Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation Core Processor PCI Express x16 Root Port
echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:01.0/power/control';
# Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 82577LM Gigabit Network Connection
echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:19.0/power/control';
# Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset USB2 Enhanced Host Controller
echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:1a.0/power/control';
# Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset High Definition Audio
echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:1b.0/power/control';
# Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 4
echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:1c.3/power/control';
# Runtime PM for PCI Device Ricoh Co Ltd R5C832 PCIe IEEE 1394 Controller
echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:0d:00.3/power/control';
# Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N 1000 [Condor Peak]
echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:03:00.0/power/control';
# Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset SMBus Controller
echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:1f.3/power/control';
# Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset Thermal Subsystem
echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:1f.6/power/control';
# Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset 6 port SATA AHCI Controller
echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:1f.2/power/control';
# Runtime PM for PCI Device NVIDIA Corporation GT218 [NVS 3100M]
echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:01:00.0/power/control';
# Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset USB2 Enhanced Host Controller
echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:1d.0/power/control';
# Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 1
echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:1c.0/power/control';
# Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 5
echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:1c.4/power/control';
# Runtime PM for PCI Device NVIDIA Corporation High Definition Audio Controller
echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:01:00.1/power/control';
# Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 2
echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:1c.1/power/control';
# Wake-on-lan status for device eth0
#ethtool -s eth0 wol d;
給予執行權限。
$ sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/powersave
因調校指令皆需管理者權限才可執行，若想省下打密碼的功夫可參考 Firestarter 開機甭再次輸入密碼 一文修改。
$ sudo visudo
......
jonny ALL= NOPASSWD:/usr/local/bin/powersave
現在開機時只需使用 sudo powersave 即可手動切換至省電模式。
若想加入開機自動啟動可以參考 安裝 indicator-virtualbox on Ubuntu 12.04 | 4. 加入開機自動啟動 一文或使用較進階的 udev 及 sysctl。
※ 註：請依個人需求自行調整，若造成系統不穩還請自行斟酌。
資料來源
1. 感謝 theJian 回報，powertop v2.5 之後切換 Tunables 分頁的功能鍵已從方向鍵 ←, → 改為 Tab 和 Shift + Tab。 ↩